Raising awareness about the challenges faced by those living with migraines is crucial, especially since this condition affects over a billion people globally. Often dismissed as merely a bad headache, migraines are, in fact, a recurrent, often life-long, neurological condition with a wide range of symptoms. It is also the second-leading cause of disability worldwide.

Understanding Migraines: Symptoms and Diagnosis

According to the International Headache Society, a diagnosis of migraine disease is made if a person has experienced at least five headache attacks lasting between 4 and 72 hours, with the following characteristics:

• Pain located on one side of the head or behind the eye.
• A throbbing or pulsating sensation.
• Moderate to severe pain intensity.
• Worsening of the migraine with, or avoidance of, everyday physical activities.

Other common symptoms include sensitivity to light and sound and nausea.

Types of Migraines

There are two main types of migraines:

• Migraine with Aura: This begins with visual, sensory, or speech symptoms that can last for minutes to hours. Common visual auras include flashes of light, blind spots, and blurred vision. Sensory auras, such as pins and needles, are also prevalent. These symptoms may precede or overlap with a severe headache.

• Migraine without Aura: This type typically lasts 4 to 72 hours and features moderate-to-severe pain on one side of the head. The headache is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or heightened sensitivity to light and sound.

Migraine Triggers

Although the exact cause of migraines is unknown, certain triggers are commonly identified, including:

• Stress.
• Certain foods such as alcohol, tyramine-rich products (e.g., red wine, aged cheese, smoked fish), nitrates (found in processed meats), and Monosodium Glutamate (MSG), a flavour enhancer.
• Caffeine can either trigger or alleviate migraines, depending on the individual.

Keeping a symptom diary that tracks food intake, menstrual cycles, daily activities, and environmental changes can help identify and manage these triggers.

Migraine Treatment Options

Treatment for migraines includes pharmacotherapy, which may involve specific migraine medication or over-the-counter painkillers. There are also OTC medications designed specifically for migraine relief, which can help prevent the attack from worsening.

Robyn Denyer, Senior Brand Manager at iNova Pharmaceuticals, emphasises,
"At iNova, we are committed to increasing understanding and support for those affected by migraines. By coming together during National Migraine Awareness Month, we can make a real difference in the lives of those who struggle with this often debilitating condition."

Raising Awareness for Better Care

Unfortunately, many migraine sufferers do not receive the diagnosis and care they need. Proper management of this condition requires a professional diagnosis, effective treatment, and lifestyle modifications. Increasing awareness can help those affected seek proper care and improve their quality of life.

References available on request.

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